Managing Human Resource

Question: Discuss about theManaging Human Resource. Answer: Introduction: The work life balance has been a widely discussed issue since decades along with the growth in working population. The employees work under extreme conditions to achieve the targets and deadlines. In such situations it becomes difficult for the employees to manage their personal life and professional lives. The report focuses on the impacts of economical crisis or recession and its effects on the employees and organizations (Hye, 2014). It is very important for the organization to retain its talented employees by providing motivation, rewards and by remarking the importance of their work. Body: Flexibility and work life balance was considered previously with a positive impact so as both the parties are benefited such as employees and employers (Russell, O'Connell McGinnity, 2009). As such talent acquisition is considered as an important aspect till date so that new recruits are trained for growth and development opportunities. Now employers are finding it reluctancy for the business sectors when talent acquisition is considered in a business. Currently, employers while considering the flexibility and work life, the part time work and flexible arrangements of work is instead carried out to retain the employees and engaging them as to the best level (Pina Rego, 2009). At this instance, some employees are carrying the activities on the next level by reducing the staff, which may lead to better opportunity and designing a complete new structure for the roles and activities undertaken for the job. New ways are carried out so that job opportunities are fulfilled and maintaining the work life of employees with a balance of work and flexibility would be preferable. There are positive and negative consequences of the flexibility concept that has been discussed and many authors have an argument at this end. Juliet Bourke has observed the negative image about the flexibility concept that employers use these days and there is a paradigm which has constantly moved up on a different context. The concept has reshaped eventually leading an entirely new phase. The argument heads about reshaping the contextual concept at a greater level and manages to enhance the productivity at the workplace. The flexibility issues can be reduced as far as reducing the overheads which may actually boost the productivity (Thomson, 2008). The way flexibility has shifted gives a negative impact over the business and the human resource department. It has not changed for good, in fact, it may lead to a negative circumstance that cannot be handled by employees, although considering the employment opportunities in a downturn market. What the market considers flexibility is different right now, and this makes a discussion regarding the employment opportunity and working hours (Casper Harris, 2008). Previously the concept of flexibility was a bit different and the paradigm instantly changed up by getting fewer people at work and utilizing the best with extra working hours. This is actually an unintended consequence that has a line which has to be thought presently. There was a launch of a website that made a clear concept of how the flexibility shows up with working hours. The employees at this end may generally visualize the crisis that takes place in an economy and may mold to the flexibility with a greater opportunity in a very nasty manner. Employers may reduce the working hours as such and employees may have a benefit at this end (Russell, O'Connell McGinnity, 2009). Even an extra workload can put the employees into a workload that may not be a convincing structure as far as positive benefits are approached for a flexible concept. Staff may face an extra workload if this is the scene that too because of other employees who have been given a freedom for flexibility at times and for some job rotations. This situation may not always be a win win situation so it doesnt sound well when these concepts are applied till date with a negligence and an overload that faces problems and issues in an organization (Baptiste, 2008). There are benefits that are mutually expected by both the parties and as such the horizontal and the vertical structure of the organization chart may decide to support the working culture that is prevalent in an organization. The support is expected as a flexibility of working cultures. There are new requirements as such which may be well considered at this end and this may seemingly accomodate the business requirement and shall develop the solutions for job redesigning and for flexible working structure (Expert Group Meeting, 2010). At times the economic condition may not be worth and what happens is the downturn situation that the company faces, these are the hard times that may be faced by employers and flexible working hours may work well. The demand may decrease completely opposite at this end and the overall structure might change in this response. At this end people may reduce the working hours with a technique of flexible working hours in an organization. There are comprehens ive programs that are the key strategies at this end and they may work well with the employee assistance and may work well. As such employee flexibility has to develop a diverse work performance in an adequate manner and may not face any situations that are coronary at means (Pruyne, Powell Parsons, 2012). The adaptive strategy is a current program that organization may adopt and go well at this stage by following the business needs and goals at this end. Strong work culture maintains a good relation and employees, therefore expect a better means of job satisfaction. Implications of excessive working hours on performance of managers and employees may have a clear concept of the use of flexibility in an organization (Kelliher Anderson, 2010). As such, there are different employees who are working in a different work culture. The policy and the rules are formed indifferent and may have a depending personality as far as tasks and responsibilities matter for an organization. There are excessive working hours situations that can eventually be divided at this end, which may lead to a subdivision of the categories (Casper Harris, 2008). As such there may be extended hours per day, commute timings, overtime and extended hours with an overtime. These are the categories and they have a negative approach when employees try to understand the business strategies as such. The indications that the researchers are moving towards having the perfect data that evaluate the long working hours in an organization with the complex situation as faced by an organization (Maertz Boyar, 2009). This may involve the risk and attribution with the variety of factors that may help to perform the social formalities as discussed. There are indications which relate to the negative feedback as such. In this context, the sleepless nights, overtime, family responsibility has a diverse effect. At last the adverse effects such as negative consequences that may lead to fatigue and turbulences are again a poor performance activity. The pitiable performance with effect to the managers review have a positive influence that may include production and p roductivity level that is far better than the regular revenues. Production cost has to be controlled at a higher rate and this may lead to an alertness which has to be errors and implies importantly in an organization (Casper Harris, 2008). There are subsequent situations for flexible working hours which may tend to be a negative impact towards an organization. Employees feel overworked and they face the unconditional situation at large while there are ventures that have a complete different policy for overtime. Overtime may even lead to a different policy as such and this tends to work even far better than the increase in productivity this may be a positive impact for the organization at large, but not for employees as these are actually an ill effects that employees face during these circumstances. Health and family issues may overlap the situation and make things hassle with a demotivation from work and even from family (Looker, 2011). Assessment at this end is an appropriate method that may work well and manager performs his duty at this end considering the authority and responsibility. Grievance handling must be handled by managers to make employee and employer relation on a stronger basis. Managers should always focus on the duties and the responsibility that might be the priority for employees and the economic imbalance as such may be reduced with a negative movement when terms of revenues are considered equivalently. The recognition and the production systems may vary as per the flexibility issues is considered. Achieving the goal is the prime responsibility of employer and employee for its organization and therefore the rules and amendments that are mentioned should always be followed as far as other duties are matter at this end. To encourage employees, managers must carry activities that may indulge the employees in employee engagement and employee involvement pattern. Finishing the work while applying the standard sets of rules is an encouragement (Jain, Giga Cooper, 2009). There are time management techniques that may be a very useful information and a program set for employees by managers. The important and the urgent activities may be very clearly generated a t this end and this may be helpful for prioritization attitude. The openness and the effective communication with employers may be a great benefit if it is provided by employers whether in horizontal or vertical organizational chart. Mutual consensus may be a useful means to employer the confidence which has to be delivered to the organization. So, at times when the working hours are getting extended or over time may occur, the employers shall make the work culture acceptable and encourage employees by motivating them with monetary or non monetary means. This may actually serve a better option and lead to the betterment of the organization and even for employees as job satisfaction is the basic need that matters on a priority basis (Kamau, 2013). The flexibility is the key for retaining the employees. Allowing the employees to work under favorable conditions, with extended deadlines and by providing part time or home based work would help the organizations to survive during the financial crisis. Also it has been witnessed that flexibility has considered as a negative aspect in some situations where the economic crisis results in heavy pressure on the employees. Thus the overall aim is to find effective measures to utilize economic downfall as a positive aspect (Guest, 2002). Economic downturn is a slowdown in economic activities resulting in elevated unemployment, falling of shares and declining investments (Kossek, Kalliath Kalliath, 2012). The downturn has vast impacts on the working structure of any organization. Organizations try to maximize the efforts to provide work life balance and job flexibility to the employees for a balanced life, but the economic downturn destroys the complete cycle the organizations follow. Due to the recession periods, the employees, management and overall market suffer. In a scenario where it becomes difficult to maintain the work-life balance in regular basis, it becomes even more difficult when the economic downturn hits the market. Different organizations understand the requirement and importance of its employees and try various measures to retain its employees. Various changes in the working structure like providing part time work, flexible working hours, reduction in working days of a week etc are proposed. The economic downturn is a traumatic phase for both, the organizations and the employees. The adverse effects of the economic downturn can however be reduced by planning, analyzing and monitoring the business. Economic downturn can be considered as both a negative as well a positive aspect for employees (Azeem Akhtar, 2014). Though it is witnessed that organizations let the employees to cut back the flexibility in working hours yet it brings out the positive side as the employees are provided with flexible timings, to work from home or work part time without any loss of pay. An important aspect that the employers can consider to manage the economic downturn is to provide flexibility to the employees. For the employers, it is very important to retain their employees in the company by providing strong reasons (Dissanaya Hussain, 2013). If the employees cooperate with the organization, the effects of recession could be neglected or at least reduced. The employers can provide the options of working from home, working part time, or reducing the deadlines and providing flexible hours to complete the work. Due to this the employees would be able to balance their household matters as well the work matters. The Human Resource department plays a very significant role in managing the employees work life balance during recessions and financial crisis (Casper Harris, 2008). The strategic involvement of human resource in managing the downturns is very important for the organization as if the companies do no put efforts on attracting and retaining the talented employ ees, they may face tough consequences (Dissanaya Hussain, 2013). The ongoing recruitment of the organization should be stopped for the downturn period while the emphasis should be done on the current employees of the company. Also the employers should constantly motivate the employees, offer challenging and knowledgeable assignments, making the employers understand their importance and significance in the job and reward the employees for the work they do (Kelliher, 2005). It is a big challenge for the employers to manage and retain the talents of the company during recessions. Also cost minimization has to be considered while managing the employees. Reduction can be done in incentives and focus on improvement in the quality can be practiced. Employee recognition programs can be undertaken to make the employees comprehend the importance and value of their work. Also redeployment can be used to improve the efficiency of the employees. Instead of removing the employees of the company, the employers may focus of identifying the area of expertise and redeploy the employees (Casper Harris, 2008). Communication plays a key role to make the employees understand the situation and work in accordance with the situation considering the positive aspects. Having a longer or broader vision for the situation would help both, the organization and the employees as well. The current downturn may result into future profits and benefits. A motivator approach towards down turn can lead into the inspiration for the employees and enthusiasm to enjoy the work life balance with satisfactory pays. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that work-life balance plays an essential role in any organization or employees life. If both the aspects are considered and fulfilled, it would lead into quality work and satisfactory results. Flexibility term can be used to improve the work life balance by providing free and suitable conditions for work like part time jobs, home based work and flexible timings which does not have pressurized environment and deadlines to fulfill. References Azeem, S.A, Akhtar, N. (2014). The influence of work life balance and job satisfaction on organizational commitment of healthcare employees. International journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(2), 18-24 C.KelliherandD.Anderson,(2010). DoingMorewithLess?Flexibl eWorkingPracticesandIntesificationofWork, Human Relations, Vol. 63, No.1,2010,pp.83-106. Dissanaya. M Hussain, A. (2013) Impact of work life balance on employees performance an empirical study on seven apparel organization in Sri lanka. Proceedings of the third International Symposium E. Kossek, T. Kalliath and P. Kalliath, (2012). Achieving Employee Well beingina Changing Work Environment, International Journal of Man power,Vol.33,No.7,2012, pp.738-753. Pruyne, M.PowellandJ. Parsons, (2012). Developinga Strategy for Employee Well being: A Frame work for Planning and Action, Ashridge Business School, Nuffield Health, 2012. Expert Group Meeting, (2010). Work-Life Policy, Practice and Potential, Presentation to the Management Committee Office of the Focal Women in the United Nations, Office of the Focal Point for Women, United Nations, 2010. Guest, D. E. (2002). Human resource management: When research confronts theory. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2), 22-38 Hye, K. K. (2014). work life balance and employee performance. The mediating role of affective commitment. Global Business Management Research: An International Journal, 6(1), 37-51. Kamau, J. M, Muleke V, Makaya S. O, Wagoki, J. (2013). Work life balance practices on employee performance of Ecobank Kenya. European journal business and management, 5(25), 179-185. K.A.Jain,I. S.Giga and L.C.Cooper, (2009). Employee Wellbeing, Control and Organizational Commitment, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 30,No. 3, 2009,pp.256-273 Lewis, S., Rapoport, R. Gambles, R. (2007). The constraints of a work life balance approach: An international perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource, 18(3), 360 373. Lee, C. M., Elke, D. Dobson, R. D. (2009). Work-life balance for early career canadian psychologists in professional programs Canadian psychology. Canadian Psychological Association, 50 (2), 7382. M.Pina e Cunhaand A. Rego, (2009). Dothe Opportunities fo Learning and Personal Development Lead to Happiness? It depends on Work-Family Conciliation, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,Vol.14,No.3,2009, pp.334-348. Maertz, C. P., Boyar, S L. (2009) Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance under ''Levels'' and ''Episodes Approaches. Journal of Management, 37(1), 68-98. Thomson, (2008). The Business Benefits of Flexible Working,Strategic HR Review,Vol.7,No.2,2008, pp.17-22. Russell, H., O'Connell, P.J., McGinnity, F. (2009). "The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work-life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland", Gender, Work and Organization, 16, 73-97 CroucherandC. Kelliher, (2005). The Right to Requiest Flexible Workingin Britain: The Law and Organizational Realities, European Journal of Comparative Law and Industrial Relations, Vol. 21, No.3,2005,pp.503-529 R.N. Baptiste, (2008). Tightening the Link between Employee Wellbeing at Work and Performance, Management De- sicion, Vol. 46, No.2, 2008, pp.284-308 T Looker, (2011). Manage Your Stress for a Happier Life, Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, London, 2011. W.J.Casper and C.M.Harris, (2008). Work Life Benefits and Organizational Attachment: Self-Interest Utility and Sig- naling Theory Models, Journal of Vacational Behavior, Vol.72, No. 1, 2008, pp. 95-109.

Qualities of a Good Nurse Essay Essay Example

Qualities of a Good Nurse Essay Paper Qualities of a Good Nurse Introduction I was prompted to fall in nursing because of several life experiences. I used to experience incapacitated when I saw one of my household members fall sick and I could non make anything to assist them ease their torment. I would sit and acquire deep idea and wishes that I could assist if merely I had appropriate preparation. I observed how the nurses were sort and caring whenever any of my household members fell badly. I normally became compassionate since their torment could non be alleviated. I am happy to fall in nursing and can non repent about of my determination. Nursing is more of a naming than merely a mere calling. The proof of this paper is to foreground the life experiences and desirable traits of a nurse. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Good Nurse Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Good Nurse Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of a Good Nurse Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are both good and worse experiences in nursing profession ; nevertheless. they neer scared me off from this profession. I am bit by bit learning and developing as an person and go more enthusiastic about nursing profession every twenty-four hours. The satisfaction I accrue mundane is overpowering. since it feels great to assist others in their clip of demand. The experiences I got when I saw my household members fall badly made me acknowledge that I wanted to be portion of the nursing profession and that I had capacity to suit in nursing profession. I got struck with a feeling of fulfilment. intent. cognizing that I could touch someone’s life. I learnt a batch of things from the nurses who attended my female parent when she was sick ( Bluni. 2009 ) . My experience with the nurses helped me to larn that listening accomplishments and communicating aboard attention and comfort help the nurses to advance patients’ wellness mentally. physically and emotionally. The nurses attended my female parent on a day-to-day footing and candidly cared about her state of affairs. The nurses were capable to pass on with other patients. physicians and the other workers efficaciously. Leading nurses are able to follow instructions with minimal supervising and relaxation in pass oning with households and patients. A good nurse should be an advocator for their patients and predict their demands. Successful communicating ability in nursing profession builds up high degree of satisfaction while seting off medical bad lucks. Nurses should besides listen keenly to orders from their physicians and do notes where necessary ( Watson. 1898 ) . I came to larn that nurses can work in assorted undertakings. but they should besides join forces with fellow workers. Nurses can non supply effectual attention to all patients without aid from others. because some state of affairss are difficult to manage and random. For the nurses to supply effectual services to their patients. they require teamwork ( Gokenbach. 2013 ) . I realized that a good nurse should be compassionate. They should be concerned about the household and the patient who is undergoing hurting. A great nurse should be empathic by listening and understanding the challenges confronting their patients. Finally. I learnt that a good nurse should be incapacitated. The nurse who was go toing my female parent could lose tiffin to keep her manus. In other experiences. some nurses did extraordinary things for patients merely because they were incapacitated ( Bluni. 2009 ) . In decision. life experiences with ailing household members provoked me to fall in nursing profession. I came to larn I had capacity to touch someone’s life. and this was merely through nursing. There are several desirable traits of a leading nurse that are compassionate. selfless. lovingness. first-class communicating accomplishments and self-awareness. These qualities help nurses to supply efficient services to their patients and be able to work as a squad to carry through their responsibilities. Mentions 5 Thingss That Make a Good Nurse Great. ( n. d. ) . NurseTogether. com. Retrieved September 10. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nursetogether. com/5-things-that-make-a-good-nurse-great Bluni. R. ( 2009 ) . Inspired nurse. Gulf Breeze. Florida: Fire Starter Pub. . Watson. F. S. ( 1898 ) . On Some of the Qualities Necessary for Bing a Good Nurse. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 138 ( 10 ) . 217-220. Beginning papers

Heavenly Gates Essays - Cult, Pejoratives, Religious Persecution

Heavenly Gate's Recently I read an article about the Heavens Gate Cult, and I wondered why on earth would someone get involved in a cult whose purpose seemed so ridiculous. How can you make sense out of the suicide of 39 people? How can you explain behavior that seems so strange? Should we just assume that people who follow this kind of cult are weirdoes, stupid, insane, evil, or is there something more to it? I did a little research to find out a little more about cults. I found out that cults are really not all that uncommon, and that almost anyone can fall victim to a cult. Most people do not set out to join a cult. They get involved with a group of interesting people. These groups usually promise to fulfill a persons individual needs or to compensate for societies failures. These groups may promise to heal sickness, foretell the future, or enhance a persons life in some way. The leaders of these cults usually promise to have all the answers to whatever problems these people have. These groups become cults when they are seen as deceptive, dangerous, or they oppose the basic values of society. Usually people get involved with cults when they are at a vulnerable period in their lives. People who are at a transitional period in their lives, like people who recently lost a job, or someone who just moved to a new area may be susceptible. Another reason why people get involved with these groups could be that they are unsatisfied with their religions, their education, or their social lives. The cult seems to fill the void of whatever is missing in a persons life. People find instant friendships, a caring family, an identity, safety, security, and an organized agenda for every day life. Most people who are recruited into cults are recruited by people they feel they can trust in a setting that is familiar. Family, friends, neighbors, co-workers or teachers often do the recruitment. Recruitment often takes place in familiar places like school, home, work, churches, workshops, or even over the Internet. This makes the cult feel safe and comfortable. People dont feel like they are getting involved in a cult instead they feel like they are joining the crowd. Cult leaders offer simple answers to the complex problems of everyday living. They claim to know a simple path to happiness, to success, and to Salvation. . People who follow their simple rules and simple lifestyle will be on this path. Cult leaders give members very simple directions on how to think, act and feel. In return a member gets all those things that may be missing from their lives. What these leaders claim to know seems so simple and easy, that some people feel they can participate with little hesitation it seems like a perfect solution for those people who feel that they are powerless in their lives. Each new member contributes to a leaders power by trading their own freedom for the illusion of security that each group has. The madness of a cult leader becomes normalized as members embrace it. It becomes a members belief system. There are many different kinds of cults around. Some cults can be more dangerous than others. Some are money or power oriented, while others are spiritual centered. A money, or power-centered cult can become dangerous when it manipulates members into contributing large amounts of money or personal sacrifice. A member may be asked to spend large amounts of time earning money for the cult. They may be asked to beg, borrow, or steal money. A spiritual based cult can also become dangerous. Theses religious cults claim that they know all of lives unanswered questions. Typically members of these cults become isolated from the world around them. They are expected not to talk to anyone who is not a member. Is there anyway we can prevent cults from forming? I guess to answer that we would have to look behind the messages behind cults. Usually cults form because there is something missing from society. We would have to find a way to make our society make up for everything that is missing. We would

Klasies River Caves - Middle Paleolithic South Africa

Klasies River Caves - Middle Paleolithic South Africa Klasies River is the collective name of several caves eroded into the sandstone bluff located along a 1.5 mile (2.5 kilometers) stretch of the Tsitsikamma coast of South Africa facing the Indian Ocean. Between 125,000 and 55,000 years ago, a handful of our Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) (Homo sapiens) ancestors lived in these caves at the very southern tip of Africa. What they left behind provides evidence of the behavior of Homo sapiens at our very earliest moments of existence, and a slightly uncomfortable peek into our distant past. The Klasies River main site is one of the most intensively occupied sites within this area, associated with abundant cultural and subsistence remains of Middle Stone Age (MSA) hunter-gatherer-fishers. The site includes two caves and two smaller rock shelters, tied together by a 69-foot (21-meter) thick shell midden that spills out of all four. Archaeological investigations have been conducted at Klasies River since the late 1960s, primarily at the main site. The Klasies River caves were first excavated by J. Wymer in 1967–1968, and then by H. Deacon between 1984–1995, and most recently by Sarah Wurz beginning in 2013. Chronology Early modern Homo sapiens lived in the Klasies River caves during the Middle Stone Age, periods which are roughly equivalent to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS 5). At Klasies, MSA I (MIS 5e/d), MSA I Lower (MIS 5c), and MSA I Upper (MIS 5b/a) were relatively intensive human occupations. The oldest the oldest AMH bone found in the cave dates to 115,000 (abbreviated 115 ka). The main layers of occupation and listed in the table below; the most substantial occupation debris is from the MSA II lower levels. MSA III MIS 3 (80–60 ka)Howiesons Poort (MIS 5/a to MIS 4)MSA II upper (85 ka, MIS 5b/a)MSA II lower (MB 101–90 ka, MIS 5c, 10 m thick)MSA I (KR technocomplex) 115–108 ka, MIS 5e/d Artifacts and Features Artifacts found at the sites include stone and bone tools, animal bones and mussel shell, and over 40 bones or bone fragments of the human occupants of the cave. Hearths and artifact clusters within the shell midden indicate that the residents systematically exploited both land-based and marine resources. Animal bones found within the caves include bovids, baboon, otter, and leopard. The earliest stone tool tradition found in the caves is MSA I Klasies River techno-complex. Others include convergent Levallois tool types in MSA I known as Mossel Bay technocomplex; and the Howiesons Poort/Still Bay complex. Nearly 40 human fossil bones and bone fragments are in the catalogs from the excavations. Some of the bones look identical to modern Homo sapien morphologies, others show more archaic traits than recent human populations. Living in Klasies River Caves The people who lived in these caves were modern humans who lived by recognizably human methods, hunting game and gathering plant foods. Evidence for our other hominid ancestors- Homo erectus and Homo ergaster, for example- suggests that they primarily scavenged other animals kills; the Homo sapiens of Klasies River caves knew how to hunt. The Klasies River people dined on shellfish, antelope, seals, penguins, and some unidentified plant foods, roasting them in hearths built for the purpose. The caves were not permanent residences for the humans who inhabited them, as best as we can tell; they only stayed for a few weeks, then moved along to the next hunting stand. Stone tools and flakes made from beach cobbles were recovered from the earliest levels of the site. Klasies River and Howiesons Poort Apart from the debris of living, researchers have also found fragmentary evidence in these earliest levels of the earliest of ritual behavior- cannibalism. Fossil human remains were found in several layers of the Klasies River occupations, fire-blackened fragments of skulls and other bones showing cut marks from deliberate butchery. While this alone would not convince researchers that cannibalism had taken place, the pieces were mixed with the rubble of kitchen debris- thrown out with the shells and bones of the remainder of the meal. These bones were unequivocally modern human; at a time when no other modern humans are known- only Neanderthals and early modern Homo existed outside of Africa. By 70,000 years ago, when the layers called by archaeologists Howiesons Poort were laid down, these same caves were used by people with a more sophisticated stone tool technology, backed tools from thin stone blades, and projectile points. The raw material from these tools came not from the beach, but from rough mines some 12 mi (20 km) away. The Middle Stone Age Howiesons Poort lithic technology is nearly unique for its time; similar tool types are not found anywhere else until the much later Late Stone Age assemblages. While archaeologists and paleontologists continue to debate whether modern humans are descended only from the Homo sapiens populations from Africa, or from a combination of Homo sapiens and Neanderthal, the Klasies River cave populations are still our ancestors and are still representatives of the earliest known modern humans on the planet. Sources Bartram, Laurence E.Jr., and Curtis W. Marean. Explaining the Klasies Pattern: Kua Ethnoarchaeology, the Die Kelders Middle Stone Age Archaeofauna, Long Bone Fragmentation and Carnivore Ravaging. Journal of Archaeological Science 26 (1999): 9–29. Print.Churchill, S. E., et al. Morphological Affinities of the Proximal Ulna from Klasies River Main Site: Archaic or Modern? Journal of Human Evolution 31 (1996): 213–37. Print.Deacon, H.J., and V. B. Geleisjsne. The Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Main Site Sequence, Klasies River, South Africa. The South African Archaeological Bulletin 43 (1988): 5–14. Print.Grine, Frederick E., Sarah Wurz, and Curtis W. Marean. The Middle Stone Age Human Fossil Record from Klasies River Main Site. Journal of Human Evolution 103 (2017): 53–78. Print.Hall, S., and J. Binneman. Later Stone Age Burial Variability in the Cape: A Social Interpretation. The South African Archaeological Bulletin 42 (1987): 140–52. Print.N ami, Hugo G., et al. Palaeomagnetic Results and New Dates of Sedimentary Deposits from Klasies River Cave 1, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 112.11/12 (2016). Print. Nel, Turid Hillestad, Sarah Wurz, and Christopher Stuart Henshilwood. Small Mammals from Marine Isotope Stage 5 at Klasies River, South Africa–Reconstructing the Local Palaeoenvironment. Quaternary International 471 (2018): 6–20. Print.Voigt, Elizabeth. Stone Age Molluscan Utilization at Klasies River Mouth Caves. South African Journal of Science 69 (1973): 306–09. Print.Wurz, Sarah. Variability in the Middle Stone Age Lithic Sequence, 115,000–60,000 Years Ago at Klasies River, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 29 (2002): 1001–15. Print.Wurz, Sarah, et al. Connections, Culture and Environments around 100?000 Years Ago at Klasies River Main Site. Quaternary International (2018). Print. Klasies River Caves Fast Facts Name of Site: Klasies River or Klasies River MouthSpecies: Early Modern HumansStone Tool Traditions: Klasies River, Mossel Bay (convergent Levallois), Howiesons PoortPeriod: Middle Stone AgeDate of Occupation: 125,000–55,000 years agoConfiguration: Five caves and two rock sheltersMedium: Naturally eroded into the sandstone cliffLocation: 1.5 mi (2.5 km) stretch of the Tsitsikamma coast of South Africa facing the Indian OceanOffbeat Fact: Evidence that our ancient human ancestors were cannibals

What was the most important invention of the 19th Century Essay

What was the most important invention of the 19th Century - Essay Example It then follows that the invention of electricity actually came into being the day the bulb was lit, or in other words the day mainstream use of electricity took effect .For this reason, invention of electricity can be argued to have been in the 19th century. This argument can be squarely credited to Nikola Telsa, a mechanical and electrical engineer and inventor. His works led to the development of modern day electrical systems that use alternating current1. Basically the reason why electricity invention becomes the greatest in the 19th century is because of the rapid activities that came into light during this era. Such activities include the agrarian revolution that saw people go to great lengths in such of better welfare and improved transport system. It is almost impossible to imagine this era without electricity, to imagine people trying to run engines in the industry without electricity, or it can be impossible to imagine how we could be staying at our homes using our kerosene lanterns and may be candles and that is very hard very hard to imagine2. During industrial revolution when people across Europe were trying to get industries going, electricity was the all the more important. Heavy machines meant electricity was in place and for this reason industrial revolution was a success. Since then, the world has never looked back and electrically supported gadgets have been invented. In essence, almost in everything we do, electricity is part of us. Even small gadgets we use today like phones use electricity and that explain the impact electricity has had all over the world. It also explains why it is the greatest invention of all time if not the greatest invention of the 19th century3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very important to note that the transport industry has been revolutionized by electricity. Electric trains have been introduced courtesy of electricity. This milestone has been achieved in many developed count ries and general infrastructure improved. Communication can be described as the backbone of development and without electricity, breakdown in communication could be evident. Industrial revolution is still evident, sophisticated equipment is being used vastly there and electricity is the source of power. It is therefore safe to say electricity is pivotal in almost every aspect of life without which almost nothing is going to happen. Both communication and transport have been improved and in the process making the world â€Å"smaller†. One could say life could have been a bit4. Agriculture and animal husbandry can also be argued to have been improved by electricity. For one, mechanization meant invention of such electric tools as grinders and reapers. Other machines in the field of agriculture were invented and definitely ones which used electricity. On the other hand, animal husbandry was also improved. For example, milking machines were introduced in ranches where large scale production of milk was the main economic activity. Building technology has also been revolutionized by electricity to a larger extend. This is evident in urban facilities like elevators that have shaped the existence of skyscrapers and other monumental structures in the urban areas. Just like during the industrial revolution, steel industry continues to be a major consumer of electricity in the sense that, during assembling of automobiles high voltage current is required to melt and twist the metals. In that connection, electricity seems to be the only

Lewis and Clarks attitudes toward Native Americans Essay

Lewis and Clarks attitudes toward Native Americans - Essay Example For Jefferson, he required maximizing their time looking for the natural resources and while learning more about the geographic of the American Interiors. Moreover, Jefferson required that they treat the natives America with kindness and establish a good relationship that would culminate to winning over their trust. This was a different tactic from that that the British exploration was using in their quest for American territory. Jefferson, Lewis, and Clark found an established natives in Mandan villages. The native had organized businesses and favorable settlement. For them, they required little effort to create rapport with the population of about 5000 natives. After they have spent the winter in the native’s villages, Clark and Lewis brought a new disease that wiped the entire populations of the natives. They unwittingly wipe away local natives by 1830s. However, except for the interruption of the native by the white disease Lewis and Clark had to achieve most of the things they were required to collect by President Jefferson. They had a wonderful time with a native, and they would feel lonely when they could not find any of Indians to talk to. More than the expectation of Jefferson, Clark, and Lewis were able not only to gather ethnographic data, but they established a relationship that later defined the expansion of Jefferson administration. Jefferson though had instructed Lewis and Clark to relate well with the native had his worst among the natives. He feared that they would end his political careers. His fear is confirmed by his spending on the study of the native to understand them better and offer opinions and recommendation on how to establish a working relationship.5 However, Lewis and Clark had cordial and well intentions to the local natives. For example, Clark argued that the native belonged to the Great Chief of the white people. Jefferson though had instructed Lewis and Clark to relate well with the native had his worst among the natives. He feared that they would end his political careers. His fear is confirmed by his spending on the study of the native to understand them better and offer opinions and recommendation on how to establish a working relationship.However, Lewis and Clark had cordial and well intentions to the local natives. For example, Clark argued that the native belonged to the 'Great chief of the white people.' For them, they did not fear the Native American but saw opportunities in their rich culture and settlements.

Market Efficiency and Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Efficiency and Investment - Essay Example Marketing is an oft conceived word used in our daily life. It is a normal word which may often be found as a part of our day to day conversations and has more to do with the approach than the execution of a business idea.   It was first explained by the American Market Association as an â€Å"activity†.   Later the definition was elaborated and modified to involve the various institutions and processes employed for making, communicating and delivering products which are of value to the stakeholders-customers, clients, partners and the society at large. The term was derived from the original meaning which taken literally meant simply going to the market to shop or to sell goods and services there. Before we proceed further, clear and crisp definitions of the terms that would be used in the text are needed. This is important to develop a clear and concise understanding of what will follow. Market Price is the total lump sum money that is actually paid for a particular asset. The worth of an asset can be further categorized into 2 broad genres. These are the individual worth and the market worth of the asset. Individual worth is the highest price bid by an individual purchaser who takes into perspective all information that is available to him in a very effective manner. Market worth, on the other hand, is the price at which investment would be exchanged and traded on the market. It is the place where buyers and sellers use all available information in a very efficient manner. According to some noted scholars, an individual’s worth need not be equal to the market’s worth. It is not necessary that it is equal to the market price or the valuation. The point in perspective is that an individual’s worth is dependent on certain specific inputs whereas market worth, on the other hand, is dependent on market views and consensus cum collaboration on inputs.